The first generation of computers

Beginning on the first generation computers was during the second world war, the countries involved in world war that sought to develop computers to maximize the ability to set the strategic importance by the computer. This affects the increase in funding for computer development also participated accelerate the growth of technical progress. In 1941, a German engineer named Konrad Zuse built a computer, the Z3, to design airplanes and missiles.

Elsewhere there allies Parties are also others who are also making progress in the development of computer capabilities. In 1943, the British successfully completed a secret code-breaking computer called Colossus given that serve to break the secret code used by the German state. Effects of The Colossus is actually not much affect the development of the computer industry, it can happen for two reasons, namely: the first, Colossus computer is not versatile in the English language "general purpose computer", he made only in order to solve the secret code. Secondly, the existence of the machine was kept secret until decades after the war
ended.

While the work done by the Americans at the time was to produce a progress compared to other allies. A Harvard engineer named Howard H. Aiken (1900-1973) in collaboration with IBM, succeeded in producing an electronic calculator for the U.S. Navy. The calculator is very large, with half the length of a football field and also has a wire range of 500 miles (not huge). The computer is; The Harvd-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I, is an electronic relay computer. Mark I uses electromagnetic signals to move the mechanical components. Mark I Beropreasi with slow, it takes 3-5 seconds per calculation and inflexible sequence of calculations that can not be changed. Mark I was able to perform basic arithmetic and a more complex equation.

Development of other computers in those days was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer was ENIAC for short, which was created in cooperation with the government of the United States and the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC computer composed of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million soldered joints, ENIAC computer is a huge computer power he needs for 160kW.

ENIAC computer was designed by John Presper Eckert [1919-1995] and John W. Mauchly [1907-1980], is a versatile computer ENIAC [general-purpose computers] are able to work 1000 times faster when compared with the computer Mark I.

then there are the mid-1940s, John von Neumann [1903-1957] joined the team of University of Pennsylvania in an effort to create a design concept that a computer until 40 years from now still be used in computer engineering. Von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer [EDVAC] in 1945 with a good memory to accommodate the program or data. This method allows the computer to stop at some point and then resume his work again. The main key to the von Neumann architecture is a central processing unit (CPU), which allowed all computer functions to be coordinated through a single source. In 1951, UNIVAC I or kepanjangannya Universal Automatic Computer I was made by Remington Rand, became the first commercial computer to use the von Neumann architecture model.

U.S. Census Bureau and General Electric have UNIVAC. One of the very impressive results achieved by the UNIVAC was successfully predict victory at Dwilight D. Eisenhower in the presidential election in the year 1952.

The first generation of computers can be characterized by the fact that operating instructions were created specifically for a particular task. Each computer has a program of different binary-coded-called "machine language" in the English language is a "machine language". It makes it difficult for the programmed computer and the speed limit. Another feature is the use of first generation computer vacuum tube (which makes the computer at that time seemed very large) and the magnetic cylinder to functioning as a store of data.

The first generation of computers have the following characteristics

• The components with which the vacuum tube (JUAL tube) to the circuit.

• The program can only be made with machine language: Assembler.

• The physical size of the computer, requiring a large room.

• Fast heat.

• The process is less rapid.

• small storage capacity.

• Requires large power DYA.

• Orientation on business applications.
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