The fourth generation of computers

Several vendors announced "fourth-generation computers" and some of the announced "fifth generation computers". This is just a market strategy. Three generations of technological breakthroughs previously distinguished with important electronics - vacuum tubes, then transistors and integrated circuits. The fourth generation came with the development of a less striking, only in the form of computers and software have advanced somewhat, and this generation of computers may not be as lucky as the previous generation in terms of 'rule' the world market before the next new technological breakthroughs. This is why some people often refer to this generation as the generation of 3 ½.

Micropocessor

One of the many contributions in the appearance of the next generation of computers is the microprocessor. Microprocessor contained in a single silicon chip. Microprocessor was first demonstrated by Texas Instruments in 1971. The price could be a few dollars and can be found in any of the machines to satellites.

Microcomputer

Processing tool is a small, relatively inexpensive, but high performance. Microprocessor 'contained' in
a computer called microcomputer. While allowing the use of microcomputers in small business and personal. Microcomputer is also commonly called a personal computer (PC).

Type a PC is determined by its processor (brain / central processing). The first processors to use on a PC is INTEL 8086 dati used on the computer type XT (eXtended Technology) followed by processor 8088. Next comes the 80 286 processor that is used on a PC type AT (Advanced Technology). AT performance? 10-15 times faster than the XT, and the speed turbonya? 5-9 times the speed of the turbo XT. Next comes the processor 80386SX, 80386DX, 80486SX, 80486DX, ... etc.. For more details, see the table below.

80386SX with 80386DX only difference lies in the wide data bus only. While 80486SX with the inclusion of different 80486DX math co-processor and cache memory on.

Pentium name in use since the series first 80 568 has been used by AMD with 805x86-P75 series. The difference with Pentium Pentium Pro was limited to the access speed of its course. While the Pentium MMX, Pentium II and Pentium III is the addition of several new instructions that are useful in terms of multimedia (MMX / ISSE). Pentium Celeron Pentium II is also true, except that the amount of cache memory on the Celeron was eliminated / reduced. This is done because the price is very expensive Pentium II and a reduction in cache memory may depress the price by half without sacrificing performance.

Application of Computer Science Fields In fact, a lot of computer application in various fields, one of which is the field of science through computer simulations.

In essence, the task performed by the simulator is helping scientists in the search for the impossible or difficult. One example given by the computer simulation is to solve the puzzles contained in the magnetic field of Neptune.

If the planet is there a liquid, the electric power generated will rise high. The question: "What happens to water when affected by pressure and temperature is very high?."

This all can be answered by a super computer in MaxPlanck Institute in Stuttgart: "The water molecules can be transformed into a molecular metal at high temperatures and pressure that influenced a particular magnetic field". This theory was proposed by Parrinello after a weeklong trial. Results of research showed that the atomic structure of water molecules H2O create a new relationship and change shape to a new atomic structure.

After successfully solving the puzzle of chemistry, now Michelle Parrinello start thinking in the direction of biological systems. He wanted to make a helper enzyme that can eradicate the HIV virus. When the project is successful, then the disease will be cured of AIDS. But there are theories that until now could not be solved, namely the theory of relativity (Theory of Relativity) proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905. This theory is related to space and time describes the speed of light (speed of light) that allow travel between space and time and the slow turnaround time.

Relativity theory was later described the existence of black holes (black holes) in outer space that can not be penetrated, even by the light though.

Some institutions, both located in Germany or in America and Italy have been working together to create a detector that is able to solve the greatest riddle of this world.

The fourth generation of computers have the following characteristics:

• Using a Large Scale Integration (LSI)

• Developed a micro computer using a micro processor and chip-shaped semiconductor memory for computers.
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